Broad topics mentioned
Andrei refered to the report of the Joint CFTC-SEC Advisory Committee on Emerging Regulatory Issues ("Recommendations regarding regulatory responses to the market events of May 6, 2010"). It is posted at http://www.sec.gov/spotlight/sec-cftcjointcommittee/021811-report.pdf.
Just to try to figure out who gets market data when, I've pulled the following together:
Most of the CME's non-Globex data is time-stamped to the second, and because it goes through distributors, we can presume a high latency.
The basic CME-provided routing software for Globex is apparently iLink. iLink's technical documentation suggests that time-stamps are millisecond, but there is no indication of when these timestamps are generated (when an order arrives? when a message is broadcast?). See Developing to CME Globex at http://www.cmegroup.com/globex/developing-to-cme-globex/, and in particular the message specifications at http://www.cmegroup.com/globex/files/SDKiLinkMessageSpecs.pdf.
ICE technology is summarized in https://www.theice.com/publicdocs/technology/ICE_Connectivity_Models.pdf. ICE seems to be less centralized than Globex. There are two data centers (in Chicago and Atlanta). It would not make sense for the two centers to be simultaneously trading in the same contract, but I am not sure how functionality is allocated.