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This 28-session equity valuation class will be recorded starting January 22, 2025, and the sessions will be online, though recordings will be acceible on multiple platforms. You can get the supporting lecture notes by clicking on the pdf files below - the pages covered by each lecture are provided next to each lecture. For the syllabus and other details, visit the home page .

Lecture Notes

  1. Introduction to Valuation (Updated for Spring 2025 class).
  2. Part I: Discounted Cashflow Valuation: This is a pdf file and works well if you have an iPad or tablet to read it on If you have trouble printing this file, download the powerpoint file. You can then choose to print the slides, one to a page, two or a page, in note format or whatever your heart desires. (Updated for Spring 2025 class)
  3. Part II: Relative Valuation and Private Company Valuation : This is a pdf file and works well if you have an iPad or tablet to read it on If you have trouble printing this file, download the powerpoint file. You can then choose to print the slides, one to a page, two or a page, in note format or whatever your heart desires. (Updated for Spring 2025 class).
  4. Part III: Real Options, Acqusition Valuation and Value Enhancement: This is a pdf file and works well if you have an iPad or tablet to read it on If you have trouble printing this file, download the powerpoint file.You can then choose to print the slides, one to a page, two or a page, in note format or whatever your heart desires. (Updated for Spring 2025 class).

  5. Part IV: Closing Presentation

Webcasts
This page will include the webcasts from the current class. The webcasts can be accessed in one of four ways:

  1. Streaming video (The file will be streamed to your computer. This will work only if you have a good internet connection, but should be of the best quality and the most information)
  2. Video podcast (The file will be downloaded to your computer and you can watch the video using Quicktime or video software or on your iPod)
  3. Audio podcast (The .mp3 file will be downloaded as an audio file and can be played on any audio player). The AV system used to record the lectures has changed and I think it is much improved.
  4. YouTube videos (if you have slower internet connection and/or a small device).

Options for following class

You can follow this class on YouTube. I have created a playlist for the class, where the sessions will be posted sequentially with links to slides and other material.

Finally, you can read the emails that I send to the class by this link.

Session Webcasts Topics covered Lecture notes
Preview of the class
What is this class about?
 

1 (1/22/25)

  1. Recorded session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube


Valuation: Priors and Preconceptions (Self test - take it when you get a chance)

  1. Syllabus for class

Class Structure and Logistics
Post-class test and solution.
Valuation Tools Webcast #1
Downloadable webcast
YouTube
Much of the raw material (data) that we use for valuation comes from annual reports and financial filings. (10, 10Q). In this presentation, I lay out a template for extracting information from these filings, separating the stuff that matters from the stuff that does not, using P&G in September 2012 as an illustration. (This webcast is almost ten years old, but annual reports and 10Ks have become even denser and longer since, making the exercise of separating what matters fro,m what does not even tricker.)
  1. Presentation
  2. P&G: 10K
  3. P&G: Valuation (Excel spreadsheet)

2 (1/27/25)

  1. Recorded session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube


Valuation bias: A test and my solutions
  1. Project Description
  2. Introduction to Valuation (1-9)

Valuation Project/Grading Criteria
The Bermuda Triangle of Valuation
Intrinsic Valuation: The Big Picture
Relative Valuation: The Big Picture
Real Options

Post-class test and solution.
Valuation of the week #1

Bubble or Bust: Valuing the S&P 500 Index!

  1. My blog post on valuing the index
  2. Valuing the S&P 500 index on January 1, 2025
Google shared spreadsheet

3 (1/29/25)

  1. Recorded session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube


Cash flow consistency: A test (Congoleum)
  1. Introduction to Valuation (11-End)
  2. Lecture Note Packet 1 (1-6)


Intrinsic Valuation: The Big Picture
Relative Valuation: The Big Picture
Real Options
First steps on intrinsic valauation
- DCF forms
- The It Propositoin

Post-class test and solution.
Weekly Challenge #1

Reconciling firm and equity valuation

  1. Weekly challenge #1
  2. Solution

Valuation Tools Webcast #2
Collecting data

The first step in analysis is collecting data on your company, as well as macro data and this webcast covers the basics.
  1. Webcast
  2. SEC website
  3. SEC Live
  4. FRED (Federal Reserve)

4 (2/3/25)

  1. Recorded session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube

 

Risk free Rates: A test
  1. Lecture note packet 1: Pages 8 -37

DCF inputs: The Discount Rate
- Setting the table
- Risk and the marginal investor

The Risk free Rate
- The inflation effect
- Estimation

Post-class test and solution
Valuation of the week #2

Valuing AI: Nvidia, DeepSeek and the Rest of the Story

  1. My blog post on Nvidia from September 2024 (pre DeepSeek)
  2. My blog post on DeepSeek from January 2025 (post DeepSeek)
  3. My valuation of Nvidia in January 2025
Google shared spreadsheet

5 (2/5/25)

  1. Recorded session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube

 

Equity Risk Premiums
  1. Lecture note packet 1: Pages 38-58
  2. Sovereign Ratings - January 2025
  3. Sovereign CDS Spreads - January 2025

Riskfree Rates - Low and Lower

Equity Risk Premiums
- Historical Equity Risk Premium
- Country Risk Premium
Company Equity Risk Premium

Post class test and solution
Weekly Challenge #2 Country risk and risk premiums Weekly challenge # 2
Solution
Valuation Tools Webcast #2a
Estimating a risk free rate

Estimating a risk free rate

Estimating a risk free rate should be simple but it is often not. In some currencies, where there are no default free entities, it may take some work getting to a risk free rate. In this webcast, I look at the mechanics of this adjustment.

  1. Presentation
  2. Moody's ratings (3/13)
  3. CDS spreads (3/13)

6 (2/10/25)

  1. Recorded session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube

 

Implied Equity Risk Premium
  1. Lecture note packet 1: Pages 59-77

Implied Equity Risk Premiums
- Intuition
- Changes over time
- Connection to Market Views
- Relationship to other risk premia

First steps on relative risk

Post class test and solution
Valuation of the week # 3

Aramco: A loaded bet on Oil and the House of Saud

  1. Aramco's Prospectus
  2. My blog posts on Aramco
    1. A coming out party for the world's largest company
    2. Regime Change and Value
  3. Updated financials for Aramco (through 2025)
  4. My updated valuation of Aramco on Feb 11, 2025
Google Shared Spreadsheet

7 (2/12/25)

  1. Recorded Zoom session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube


Betas: A test Lecture note packet 1: Pages 79-101
First steps on betas
Measuring Relative Risk (Betas & Alternatives)
The cost of debt
Cost of Capital
Post class test and solution
Weekly Challenge # 2a

Implied Premium versus Riskfree Rate

Implied premium challenge, data and solution
Valuation Tools Webcast #3
Implied Equity Risk Premiums
The logic and the measurement questions behind equity risk premiums are examined in this webcast. Presentation
Spreadsheet
S&P 500 on buybacks
S&P 500 earnings
Valuation Tools Webcast #4
Estimate a company's equity risk premium
  1. Webcast
  2. Presentation
  3. ERP & GDP spreadsheet

Valuation Tools Webcast #5

Estimating a bottom up beta
  1. Webcast
  2. United Technologies 10K
  3. Spreadsheet for bottom up beta
Review session for Quiz 1
Webcast
Review session for the first quiz
  1. Review presentation
  2. Past Quiz 1s
  3. Solution to Past Quiz 1s
Valuation of the week # 4

The Starbucks Story: Online Orders and a Cafe Story!

  1. My blog post on Dealing with Aging
  2. Starbucks: Updated Financials
  3. My valuation of Starbucks (updated through February 2025)
Google Shared Spreadsheet
8 (2/18/25)
  1. Recorded Session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube

Cashflows: A Test

Lecture note packet 1: 102-126

Debt in Cost of Capital
- Cost of Debt
- Subsidized Debt
Weights in the cost of capital
Hybrids in Cost of Capital
Earnings and Updating
Dealing with Leases

Post class test and solution

9 (2/19/25)

  1. Recorded Zoom session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube


Cash Flows II: A test Lecture note packet 1: 127-149

Capitalizing R&D
Extraordinary & one-time losses
Accounting Fraud & Negative Earnings
Tax Rates
Reinvestment - Net Cap Ex and Working Capital

Post class test and solution
Weekly Challenge # 3

Adjusting Operating Earnings

Weekly challenge #3
Solution & Synthetic rating
Valuation Tools Webcast #5a
Trailing 12 month earnings
How to use financial statements to create trailing 12 month numbers
  1. Apple: 10K
  2. Apple: 10Q
  3. Apple Trailing 12-month (spreadsheet)
Valuation Tools Webcast #6
Converting leases to debt
The process of converting operating lease commitments to debt
  1. Disney Annual Report
  2. Converting leases to debt (spreadsheet)
Valuation Tools Webcast #7
Capitalizing R&D expenses
The process of converting R&D (and like expenses) from operating to capital expenses
  1. Microsoft: 10K for 2012
  2. Microsoft: 10K for 2011
  3. Converting R&D to capital (spreadsheet)

10 (2/24/25)

  1. Recorded Zoom session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube
Growth Rates: A test Lecture note packet 1: 150-183
Mopping up on FCFE
Growth rates
- Historical growth rates
- Analyst estimates of growth
- Fundamental Growth
Post class test and solution
Valuation of the week #6

A Jedi Valuation of Star Wars (Old, and you are welcome to update, now that the series has played out, though it has found new life as a streaming franchise)

  1. A Post on the value of the Star Wars Franchise (December 2015)
  2. Star Wars Franchise Valuation spreadsheet
  3. Star Wars, The Force Awakens - Actual Box Office
  4. Rogue One - Actual Box office
  5. Star Wars, The Last Jedi - Actual Box Office
  6. Solo - Actual Box Office
  7. Streaming numbers for Star Wars spin offs
No Google shared spreadsheet: Just have fun with it!

11 (2/26/25)

  1. Recorded Zoom session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube
Growth Rates II: A test Lecture note packet 1: 184-204


More on Fundamental Growth
A Generalized Growth Template

Post class test and solution
Weekly Challenge # 4

Estimating fundamental growth

Weekly challenge
Solution
Valuation Tools Webcast #8
Estimating accounting returns (ROE, ROIC)
In assessing whether a company's existing investments are good or not, we draw on accounting return measures: return on invested capital and return on equity. However, navigating what should be in invested capital and what should not, and how to adjust for accounting inconsistencies is tricky.
  1. Walmart 10K (2013)
  2. Walmart 10K (2012)
  3. Spreadsheet

12 (3/3/25)

  1. Recorded Zoom session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube
Quiz 1, solution and grade distribution Lecture note packet 1: 205-218


Terminal Value
Choosing the right model to value a company
Loose Ends in Valuation


Post class test and solution
Valuation of the week #7

Valuing a Sports Franchise (from 2014)

  1. Ballmer buys Clippers: News story (from 2014)
  2. My blog post on the Clippers (from 2014)
  3. My spreadsheet for valuing the Clippers (from 2014)
  4. Pricing of sports franchises (NFL, NBA, MLB & NHL) (from 2014)
  5. Soccer and IPL Cricket Team numbers (from 2014)
 

13 (3/5/25)

  1. Recorded Zoom session (Recording is longer than class)
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube
Start of the class test (just first 3 pages) Lecture note packet 1: 219-237

Customizing DCF Models
Loose Ends in Valuation
- Valuing Cash
- Valuing Cross Holdings
- Valuing Other Assets


Post class test and solution
Weekly Challenge #4a
Terminal Value Weekly challenge
Solution
Valuation Tools Webcast #9 (Checking Terminal Value)
The terminal value is a "big" number in DCF valuation, but it is subject to misuse and manipuluation. In this session, I take a look at how you can detect problems with a terminal value computation (in both your own DCFs and in other people's DCFs) Sample DCF valuation
Terminal value analyzer