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This 26-session equity valuation class will be recorded starting January 27, 2025, and the sessions will be online, though recordings will be acceible on multiple platforms. You can get the supporting lecture notes by clicking on the pdf files below - the pages covered by each lecture are provided next to each lecture. For the syllabus and other details, visit the home page .

Lecture Notes

  1. Introduction to Valuation (Updated for Spring 2025 class).
  2. Part I: Discounted Cashflow Valuation: This is a pdf file and works well if you have an iPad or tablet to read it on If you have trouble printing this file, download the powerpoint file. You can then choose to print the slides, one to a page, two or a page, in note format or whatever your heart desires. (Updated for Spring 2025 class)
  3. Part II: Relative Valuation and Private Company Valuation : This is a pdf file and works well if you have an iPad or tablet to read it on If you have trouble printing this file, download the powerpoint file. You can then choose to print the slides, one to a page, two or a page, in note format or whatever your heart desires. (Updated for Spring 2025 class).
  4. Part III: Real Options, Acqusition Valuation and Value Enhancement: This is a pdf file and works well if you have an iPad or tablet to read it on If you have trouble printing this file, download the powerpoint file.You can then choose to print the slides, one to a page, two or a page, in note format or whatever your heart desires. (Updated for Spring 2025 class).
  5. Part IV: Closing Presentation

Webcasts
This page will include the webcasts from the current class. The webcasts can be accessed in one of four ways:

  1. Streaming video (The file will be streamed to your computer. This will work only if you have a good internet connection, but should be of the best quality and the most information)
  2. Video podcast (The file will be downloaded to your computer and you can watch the video using Quicktime or video software or on your iPod)
  3. Audio podcast (The .mp3 file will be downloaded as an audio file and can be played on any audio player). The AV system used to record the lectures has changed and I think it is much improved.
  4. YouTube videos (if you have slower internet connection and/or a small device).

Options for following class

You can follow this class on YouTube. I have created a playlist for the class, where the sessions will be posted sequentially with links to slides and other material.

Finally, you can read the emails that I send to the class by this link.

Session Webcasts Topics covered Lecture notes
Preview of the class
What is this class about?
 

1 (1/27/25)

  1. Recorded session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube


Valuation: Priors and Preconceptions

  1. Syllabus for class

Introduction to Class
Post-class test and solution.
Valuation of the week #1

Bubble or Bust: Valuing the S&P 500 Index!

  1. My blog post on valuing the index
  2. Valuing the S&P 500 index on January 1, 2025
Google shared spreadsheet

2 (1/29/25)

  1. Recorded session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube


Valuation bias: A test and my solutions
  1. Project Description
  2. Introduction to Valuation (1-11)

Valuation Project/Grading Criteria
The Bermuda Triangle of Valuation
Intrinsic Valuation: The Big Picture
Relative Valuation: The Big Picture
Real Options

Post-class test and solution.
Valuation Tools Webcast #1
Downloadable webcast
YouTube
Much of the raw material (data) that we use for valuation comes from annual reports and financial filings. (10, 10Q). In this presentation, I lay out a template for extracting information from these filings, separating the stuff that matters from the stuff that does not, using P&G in September 2012 as an illustration.
  1. Presentation
  2. P&G: 10K
  3. P&G: Valuation (Excel spreadsheet)

3 (2/3/25)

  1. Recorded session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube


Cash flow consistency: A test (Congoleum)
  1. Introduction to Valuation (11-End)
  2. Lecture Note Packet 1 (1-8)


Relative Valuation: The Big Picture
Real Options
Cash flow Consistency

Post-class test and solution.
Valuation of the week #2

Valuing AI: Nvidia, DeepSeek and the Rest of the Story

  1. My blog post on Nvidia from September 2024 (pre DeepSeek)
  2. My blog post on DeepSeek from January 2025 (post DeepSeek)
  3. My valuation of Nvidia in January 2025
Google shared spreadsheet

4 (2/5/25)

  1. Recorded Session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube

 

Risk free Rates: A test
  1. Lecture note packet 1: Pages 9-37
  2. Sovereign Ratings - January 2025
  3. Sovereign CDS Spreads - January 2025

DCF Big Picture
Risk: What matters and what does not....
The Risk free Rate
- The inflation effect
- Estimation and Usage
- Differences across Currencies

Post-class test and solution.
Weekly Challenge #1

Reconciling firm and equity valuation

  1. Weekly challenge #1
  2. Solution
Valuation Tools Webcast #2
Estimating a risk free rate

Estimating a risk free rate

Estimating a risk free rate should be simple but it is often not. In some currencies, where there are no default free entities, it may take some work getting to a risk free rate. In this webcast, I look at the mechanics of this adjustment.

  1. Presentation
  2. Moody's ratings (3/13)
  3. CDS spreads (3/13)

5 (2/10/25)

  1. Recorded Session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube

 

Implied Equity Risk Premium Lecture note packet 1: Pages 38-55

Closure on riskfree rates
Equity Risk Premiums
- Drivers
- Historical risk premiums
- Country risk premiums

Post class test and solution
Valuation of the week # 3

Aramco: A loaded bet on Oil and the House of Saud

  1. Aramco's Prospectus
  2. My blog posts on Aramco
    1. A coming out party for the world's largest company
    2. Regime Change and Value
  3. Updated financials for Aramco (through 2025)
  4. My updated valuation of Aramco on Feb 11, 2025
Google Shared Spreadsheet

6 (2/12/24)

  1. Recorded Session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube


Implied Equity Risk Premium Lecture note packet 1: Pages 56-78
Implied ERP
- Measures
- Analysis
Post class test and solution
Weekly Challenge # 2a

Implied Premium versus Riskfree Rate

Implied premium challenge, data and solution
Valuation Tools Webcast #3
Implied Equity Risk Premiums
The logic and the measurement questions behind equity risk premiums are examined in this webcast.
  1. Presentation
  2. Spreadsheet
  3. S&P 500 on buybacks
  4. S&P 500 earnings
Valuation Tools Webcast #4
Company Equity Risk Premium
Estimate a company's equity risk premium
  1. Webcast
  2. Presentation
  3. ERP & GDP spreadsheet

Valuation Tools Webcast #5

Estimating a bottom up beta
  1. Webcast
  2. United Technologies 10K
  3. Spreadsheet for bottom up beta
Review session for Quiz 1
Webcast
Review session for the first quiz
  1. Review presentation
  2. Past Quiz 1s
  3. Solution to Past Quiz 1s
Valuation of the week # 4

The Starbucks Story: Online Orders and a Cafe Story!

  1. My blog post on Dealing with Aging
  2. Starbucks: Updated Financials
  3. My valuation of Starbucks (updated through February 2025)
Google Shared Spreadsheet
7 (2/19/25)
  1. Recorded Session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube

Cashflows: A Test

Lecture note packet 1: 79-98

First steps on betas
Measuring Relative Risk (Betas & Alternatives)
Bottom up Betas

Post class test and solution

Valuation Tools Webcast #5

Estimating a bottom up beta
  1. Webcast
  2. United Technologies 10K
  3. Spreadsheet for bottom up beta

8 (2/24/25)

  1. Recorded Session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube


Cost of Debt: A Test

Lecture note packet 1: 99-129

Blog post on Free Cashflow

Cost of debt and capital
Big Picture in Cash flows
Cashflows and Earnings
- Updating earnings


Post class test and solution
Valuation of the week #5

A Jedi Valuation of Star Wars (Old, and you are welcome to update, now that the series has played out, though it has found new life as a streaming franchise)

  1. A Post on the value of the Star Wars Franchise (December 2015)
  2. Star Wars Franchise Valuation spreadsheet
  3. Star Wars, The Force Awakens - Actual Box Office
  4. Rogue One - Actual Box office
  5. Star Wars, The Last Jedi - Actual Box Office
  6. Solo - Actual Box Office
  7. Streaming numbers for Star Wars spin offs
No Google shared spreadsheet: Just have fun with it!

9 (2/26/25)

  1. Recorded Session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube
Cash Flows II: A test Lecture note packet 1: 130-160

Free Cash flows to the firm (continued)
- Capitalizing R& D and other quasi cap ex
- Normalizng earnings
- Tax rates
- Cap ex
- Working capital

Free Cashflow to Equity

Post class test and solution
Weekly Challenge # 3

Adjusting Operating Earnings

Weekly challenge #3
Solution & Synthetic rating
Weekly Challenge # 4

Estimating fundamental growth

Weekly challenge
Solution
Valuation Tools Webcast #5a
Trailing 12 month earnings
How to use financial statements to create trailing 12 month numbers
  1. Apple: 10K
  2. Apple: 10Q
  3. Apple Trailing 12-month (spreadsheet)
Valuation Tools Webcast #6
Converting leases to debt
The process of converting operating lease commitments to debt
  1. Disney Annual Report
  2. Converting leases to debt (spreadsheet)
Valuation Tools Webcast #7
Capitalizing R&D expenses
The process of converting R&D (and like expenses) from operating to capital expenses
  1. Microsoft: 10K for 2012
  2. Microsoft: 10K for 2011
  3. Converting R&D to capital (spreadsheet)

10 (3/3/25) (Quiz shortened)

  1. Recorded Session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube
Quiz 1, solution and grade distribution Lecture note packet 1: 161-184

Historical Growth
Analyst estimates of groth Fundamental growth rates
- Efficiency growth
Post class test and solution
Valuation of the week #6

Valuing a Sports Franchise (from 2014)

  1. Ballmer buys Clippers: News story
  2. My blog post on the Clippers
  3. My spreadsheet for valuing the Clippers
  4. Pricing of sports franchises (NFL, NBA, MLB & NHL)
  5. Soccer and IPL Cricket Team numbers
 

11 (3/5/25)

  1. Recorded Session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube
Start of the class test Lecture note packet 1: 185-218

More on Growth
Terminal Value
Customizing DCF Models


Post class test and solution
Weekly Challenge #4a
Terminal Value Weekly challenge
Solution
Valuation Tools Webcast #8
Estimating accounting returns (ROE, ROIC)
In assessing whether a company's existing investments are good or not, we draw on accounting return measures: return on invested capital and return on equity. However, navigating what should be in invested capital and what should not, and how to adjust for accounting inconsistencies is tricky.
  1. Walmart 10K (2013)
  2. Walmart 10K (2012)
  3. Spreadsheet
Valuation Tools Webcast #9 (Checking Terminal Value)
The terminal value is a "big" number in DCF valuation, but it is subject to misuse and manipuluation. In this session, I take a look at how you can detect problems with a terminal value computation (in both your own DCFs and in other people's DCFs) Sample DCF valuation
Terminal value analyzer

12 (3/10/25)

  1. Recorded Session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube
Start of the class test Lecture note packet 1: 219-241

Loose Ends in Valuation
- Dealing with Cash
-Dealing with cross holdings
- Other assets
- Complexity
- Debt

Post class test and solution
Valuation of the week #7

Stories and Numbers

  1. A Disruptive Cab Ride to Riches: My June 2014 Uber valuation
  2. Possible, Plausible and Probable: Big Markets and Networking Effects
  3. Up, up and away: A Crowd Valuation of Uber in December 2014
  4. My IPO post on Uber & valuation of Uber (June 2019)
  5. Uber's updated financials (2024)
Google shared spreadsheet

13 (3/12/25)

  1. Recorded Session
  2. Video podcast (downloadable)
  3. Audio podcast (downloadable)
  4. YouTube
Start of the class test Lecture note packet 1: 241-261

Stock-based compensation
Stories and Numbers
- Steps in story telllingTie to Valuation Inputs
- Checking the story
- Connecting to inputs

Post class test and solution
Weekly Challenge #5
Management Options and Equity Value

Weekly challenge
Solution & Option value

Valuation Tools Webcast #10: Dealing with Employee Options
When companies compensate employees with options, they create a second claim on equity. When valuing common shares in these companies, you have to incorporate the effect of options outstanding on equity value and I try to look at how in this webcast. Cisco 10K
Option spreadsheet
Review session for Quiz 2
Webcast
Review session for the second quiz
  1. Review presentation
  2. Past Quiz 2s
  3. Solution to Past Quiz 2s